c++ - boost::spirit access position iterator from semantic actions

Question

Lets say I have code like this (line numbers for reference):

1:
2:function FuncName_1 {
3:    var Var_1 = 3;
4:    var  Var_2 = 4;
5:    ...

I want to write a grammar that parses such text, puts all indentifiers (function and variable names) infos into a tree (utree?). Each node should preserve: line_num, column_num and symbol value. example:

root: FuncName_1 (line:2,col:10)
  children[0]: Var_1 (line:3, col:8)
  children[1]: Var_1 (line:4, col:9)

I want to put it into the tree because I plan to traverse through that tree and for each node I must know the 'context': (all parent nodes of current nodes).

E.g, while processing node with Var_1, I must know that this is a name for local variable for function FuncName_1 (that is currently being processed as node, but one level earlier)

I cannot figure out few things

1. Can this be done in Spirit with semantic actions and utree's ? Or should I use variant<> trees ?
2. How to pass to the node those three informations (column,line,symbol_name) at the same time ? I know I must use pos_iterator as iterator type for grammar but how to access those information in sematic action ?

I'm a newbie in Boost so I read the Spirit documentaiton over and over, I try to google my problems but I somehow cannot put all the pieces together ot find the solution. Seems like there was no one me with such use case like mine before (or I'm just not able to find it) Looks like the only solutions with position iterator are the ones with parsing error handling, but this is not the case I'm interested in. The code that only parses the code I was taking about is below but I dont know how to move forward with it.

  #include <boost/spirit/include/qi.hpp>
  #include <boost/spirit/include/support_line_pos_iterator.hpp>

  namespace qi = boost::spirit::qi;
  typedef boost::spirit::line_pos_iterator<std::string::const_iterator> pos_iterator_t;

  template<typename Iterator=pos_iterator_t, typename Skipper=qi::space_type>
  struct ParseGrammar: public qi::grammar<Iterator, Skipper>
  {
        ParseGrammar():ParseGrammar::base_type(SourceCode)
        {
           using namespace qi;
           KeywordFunction = lit("function");
           KeywordVar    = lit("var");
           SemiColon     = lit(';');

           Identifier = lexeme [alpha >> *(alnum | '_')];
           VarAssignemnt = KeywordVar >> Identifier >> char_('=') >> int_ >> SemiColon;
           SourceCode = KeywordFunction >> Identifier >> '{' >> *VarAssignemnt >> '}';
        }

        qi::rule<Iterator, Skipper> SourceCode;
        qi::rule<Iterator > KeywordFunction;
        qi::rule<Iterator,  Skipper> VarAssignemnt;
        qi::rule<Iterator> KeywordVar;
        qi::rule<Iterator> SemiColon;
        qi::rule<Iterator > Identifier;
  };

  int main()
  {
     std::string const content = "function FuncName_1 {
 var Var_1 = 3;
 var  Var_2 = 4; }";

     pos_iterator_t first(content.begin()), iter = first, last(content.end());
     ParseGrammar<pos_iterator_t> resolver;    //  Our parser
     bool ok = phrase_parse(iter,
                            last,
                            resolver,
                            qi::space);

     std::cout << std::boolalpha;
     std::cout << "
ok : " << ok << std::endl;
     std::cout << "full   : " << (iter == last) << std::endl;
     if(ok && iter == last)
     {
        std::cout << "OK: Parsing fully succeeded

";
     }
     else
     {
        int line   = get_line(iter);
        int column = get_column(first, iter);
        std::cout << "-------------------------
";
        std::cout << "ERROR: Parsing failed or not complete
";
        std::cout << "stopped at: " << line  << ":" << column << "
";
        std::cout << "remaining: '" << std::string(iter, last) << "'
";
        std::cout << "-------------------------
";
     }
     return 0;
  }

Answer 1

This has been a fun exercise, where I finally put together a working demo of on_success^[1] to annotate AST nodes.

Let's assume we want an AST like:

namespace ast
{
struct LocationInfo {
    unsigned line, column, length;
};

struct Identifier     : LocationInfo {
    std::string name;
};

struct VarAssignment  : LocationInfo {
    Identifier id;
    int value;
};

struct SourceCode     : LocationInfo {
    Identifier function;
    std::vector<VarAssignment> assignments;
};
}

I know, 'location information' is probably overkill for the SourceCode node, but you know... Anyways, to make it easy to assign attributes to these nodes without requiring semantic actions or lots of specifically crafted constructors:

#include <boost/fusion/adapted/struct.hpp>
BOOST_FUSION_ADAPT_STRUCT(ast::Identifier,    (std::string, name))
BOOST_FUSION_ADAPT_STRUCT(ast::VarAssignment, (ast::Identifier, id)(int, value))
BOOST_FUSION_ADAPT_STRUCT(ast::SourceCode,    (ast::Identifier, function)(std::vector<ast::VarAssignment>, assignments))

There. Now we can declare the rules to expose these attributes:

qi::rule<Iterator, ast::SourceCode(),    Skipper> SourceCode;
qi::rule<Iterator, ast::VarAssignment(), Skipper> VarAssignment;
qi::rule<Iterator, ast::Identifier()>         Identifier;
// no skipper, no attributes:
qi::rule<Iterator> KeywordFunction, KeywordVar, SemiColon;

We don't (essentially) modify the grammar, at all: attribute propagation is "just automatic"^[2] :

KeywordFunction = lit("function");
KeywordVar      = lit("var");
SemiColon       = lit(';');

Identifier      = as_string [ alpha >> *(alnum | char_("_")) ];
VarAssignment   = KeywordVar >> Identifier >> '=' >> int_ >> SemiColon; 
SourceCode      = KeywordFunction >> Identifier >> '{' >> *VarAssignment >> '}';

The magic

How do we get the source location information attached to our nodes?

auto set_location_info = annotate(_val, _1, _3);
on_success(Identifier,    set_location_info);
on_success(VarAssignment, set_location_info);
on_success(SourceCode,    set_location_info);

Now, annotate is just a lazy version of a calleable that is defined as:

template<typename It>
struct annotation_f {
    typedef void result_type;

    annotation_f(It first) : first(first) {}
    It const first;

    template<typename Val, typename First, typename Last>
    void operator()(Val& v, First f, Last l) const {
        do_annotate(v, f, l, first);
    }
  private:
    void static do_annotate(ast::LocationInfo& li, It f, It l, It first) {
        using std::distance;
        li.line   = get_line(f);
        li.column = get_column(first, f);
        li.length = distance(f, l);
    }
    static void do_annotate(...) { }
};

Due to way in which get_column works, the functor is stateful (as it remembers the start iterator)^[3]. As you can see do_annotate just accepts anything that derives from LocationInfo.

Now, the proof of the pudding:

std::string const content = "function FuncName_1 {
 var Var_1 = 3;
 var  Var_2 = 4; }";

pos_iterator_t first(content.begin()), iter = first, last(content.end());
ParseGrammar<pos_iterator_t> resolver(first);    //  Our parser

ast::SourceCode program;
bool ok = phrase_parse(iter,
        last,
        resolver,
        qi::space,
        program);

std::cout << std::boolalpha;
std::cout << "ok  : " << ok << std::endl;
std::cout << "full: " << (iter == last) << std::endl;
if(ok && iter == last)
{
    std::cout << "OK: Parsing fully succeeded

";

    std::cout << "Function name: " << program.function.name << " (see L" << program.printLoc() << ")
";
    for (auto const& va : program.assignments)
        std::cout << "variable " << va.id.name << " assigned value " << va.value << " at L" << va.printLoc() << "
";
}
else
{
    int line   = get_line(iter);
    int column = get_column(first, iter);
    std::cout << "-------------------------
";
    std::cout << "ERROR: Parsing failed or not complete
";
    std::cout << "stopped at: " << line  << ":" << column << "
";
    std::cout << "remaining: '" << std::string(iter, last) << "'
";
    std::cout << "-------------------------
";
}

This prints:

ok  : true
full: true
OK: Parsing fully succeeded

Function name: FuncName_1 (see L1:1:56)
variable Var_1 assigned value 3 at L2:3:14
variable Var_2 assigned value 4 at L3:3:15

Full Demo Program

See it Live On Coliru

Also showing:

• error handling, e.g.:

  Error: expecting "=" in line 3: 
  
  var  Var_2 - 4; }
             ^---- here
  ok  : false
  full: false
  -------------------------
  ERROR: Parsing failed or not complete
  stopped at: 1:1
  remaining: 'function FuncName_1 {
  var Var_1 = 3;
  var  Var_2 - 4; }'
  -------------------------
  

• BOOST_SPIRIT_DEBUG macros

• A bit of a hacky way to conveniently stream the LocationInfo part of any AST node, sorry :)

//#define BOOST_SPIRIT_DEBUG
#define BOOST_SPIRIT_USE_PHOENIX_V3
#include <boost/fusion/adapted/struct.hpp>
#include <boost/spirit/include/qi.hpp>
#include <boost/spirit/include/phoenix.hpp>
#include <boost/spirit/include/support_line_pos_iterator.hpp>
#include <iomanip>

namespace qi = boost::spirit::qi;
namespace phx= boost::phoenix;

typedef boost::spirit::line_pos_iterator<std::string::const_iterator> pos_iterator_t;

namespace ast
{
    namespace manip { struct LocationInfoPrinter; }

    struct LocationInfo {
        unsigned line, column, length;
        manip::LocationInfoPrinter printLoc() const;
    };

    struct Identifier     : LocationInfo {
        std::string name;
    };

    struct VarAssignment  : LocationInfo {
        Identifier id;
        int value;
    };

    struct SourceCode     : LocationInfo {
        Identifier function;
        std::vector<VarAssignment> assignments;
    };

    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    // Completely unnecessary tweak to get a "poor man's" io manipulator going
    // so we can do `std::cout << x.printLoc()` on types of `x` deriving from
    // LocationInfo
    namespace manip {
        struct LocationInfoPrinter {
            LocationInfoPrinter(LocationInfo const& ref) : ref(ref) {}
            LocationInfo const& ref;
            friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, LocationInfoPrinter const& lip) {
                return os << lip.ref.line << ':' << lip.ref.column << ':' << lip.ref.length;
            }
        };
    }

    manip::LocationInfoPrinter LocationInfo::printLoc() const { return { *this }; }
    // feel free to disregard this hack
    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
}

BOOST_FUSION_ADAPT_STRUCT(ast::Identifier,    (std::string, name))
BOOST_FUSION_ADAPT_STRUCT(ast::VarAssignment, (ast::Identifier, id)(int, value))
BOOST_FUSION_ADAPT_STRUCT(ast::SourceCode,    (ast::Identifier, function)(std::vector<ast::VarAssignment>, assignments))

struct error_handler_f {
    typedef qi::error_handler_result result_type;
    template<typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4>
        qi::error_handler_result operator()(T1 b, T2 e, T3 where, T4 const& what) const {
            std::cerr << "Error: expecting " << what << " in line " << get_line(where) << ": 
" 
                << std::string(b,e) << "
"
                << std::setw(std::distance(b, where)) << '^' << "---- here
";
            return qi::fail;
        }
};

template<typename It>
struct annotation_f {
    typedef void result_type;

    annotation_f(It first) : first(first) {}
    It const first;

    template<typename Val, typename First, typename Last>
    void operator()(Val& v, First f, Last l) const {
        do_annotate(v, f, l, first);
    }
  private:
    void static do_annotate(ast::LocationInfo& li, It f, It l, It first) {
        using std::distance;
        li.line   = get_line(f);
        li.column = get_column(first, f);
        li.length = distance(f, l);
    }
    static void do_annotate(...) {}
};

template<typename Iterator=pos_iterator_t, typename Skipper=qi::space_type>
struct ParseGrammar: public qi::grammar<Iterator, ast::SourceCode(), Skipper>
{
    ParseGrammar(Iterator first) : 
        ParseGrammar::base_type(SourceCode),
        annotate(first)
    {
        using namespace qi;
        KeywordFunction = lit("function");
        KeywordVar      = lit("var");
        SemiColon       = lit(';');

        Identifier      = as_string [ alpha >> *(alnum | char_("_")) ];
        VarAssignment   = KeywordVar > Identifier > '=' > int_ > SemiColon; // note: expectation points
        SourceCode      = KeywordFunction >> Identifier >> '{' >> *VarAssignment >> '}';

        on_error<fail>(VarAssignment, handler(_1, _2, _3, _4));
        on_error<fail>(SourceCode, handler(_1, _2, _3, _4));

        auto set_location_info = annotate(_val, _1, _3);
        on_success(Identifier,    set_location_info);
        on_success(VarAssignment, set_location_info);
        on_success(SourceCode,    set_location_info);

        BOOST_SPIRIT_DEBUG_NODES((KeywordFunction)(KeywordVar)(SemiColon)(Identifier)(VarAssignment)(SourceCode))
    }

    phx::function<error_handler_f> handler;
    phx::function<annotation_f<Iterator>> annotate;

    qi::rule<Iterator, ast::SourceCode(),    Skipper> SourceCode;
    qi::rule<Iterator, ast::VarAssignment(), Skipper> VarAssignment;
    qi::rule<Iterator, ast::Identifier()>             Identifier;
    // no skipper, no attributes:
    qi::rule<Iterator> KeywordFunction, KeywordVar, SemiColon;
};

int main()
{
    std::string const content = "function FuncName_1 {
 var Var_1 = 3;
 var  Var_2 - 4; }";

    pos_iterator_t first(content.begin()), iter = first, last(content.end());
    ParseGrammar<pos_iterator_t> resolver(first);    //  Our parser

    ast::SourceCode program;
    bool ok = phrase_parse(iter,
            last,
            resolver,
            qi::space,
            program);

    std::cout << std::boolalpha;
    std::cout << "ok  : " << ok << std::endl;
    std::cout << "full: " << (iter == last) << std::endl;
    if(ok && iter == last)
    {
        std::cout << "OK: Parsing fully succeeded

";

        std::cout << "Function name: " << program.function.name << " (see L" << program.printLoc() << ")
";
        for (auto const& va : program.assignments)
            std::cout << "variable " << va.id.name << " assig