c++ - enable_if iterator as a default template parameter?

Question

I have a constructor like that :

class MyClass
{
    template<class TI> MyClass(TI first, TI last);
};

template<class TI> MyClass::MyClass(TI first, TI last)
{
    ;
}

I would like to enable this constructor only if TI is an iterator (that means TI has an iterator_category I think). How to do that in C++ 2011 using an enable_if as a default template parameter (in the declaration and in the definition) ?

Thank you very much.

Answer 1

It depends on what you want. If there are no other overloads, it can be ok with just nothing at all. The compiler will produce an error if a type is passed that doesn't provide the necessary operation.

If you really want to limit it to iterators, it's preferable to do so with a static_assert, since it produces an error with a nice custom error message, instead of "ambiguous function call, here are all the gazillion overloads I could find: follows endless list of overloads" or "could not find function, find it yourself".

If there is another templated overload that conflicts, then you do indeed need some enable_if thing. I wrote a blog post about using enable_if with C++11 features, and why default template parameters are not very good for that. I settled with something like this instead:

enum class enabler {};

template <typename Condition>
using EnableIf = typename std::enable_if<Condition::value, enabler>::type;


class MyClass
{
    template<class TI, EnableIf<is_iterator<TI>>...> MyClass(TI first, TI last);
};

template<class TI, EnableIf<is_iterator<TI>>...> MyClass::MyClass(TI first, TI last)
{ /* blah */ }

All that you need now is a trait for the test. I think testing for the existence of iterator_category is enough, but it should be done with std::iterator_traits, because pointers are iterators and don't have nested typedefs.

That can be done with the usual techniques that use SFINAE. With C++11, I do the following:

template <typename T>
struct sfinae_true : std::true_type {};

struct is_iterator_tester {
    template <typename T>
    static sfinae_true<typename std::iterator_traits<T>::iterator_category> test(int);

    template <typename>
    static std::false_type test(...);
};

template <typename T>
struct is_iterator : decltype(is_iterator_tester::test<T>(0)) {};

All that said, this could have been done with the traditional technique of using a defaulted function parameter:

class MyClass
{
    template<class TI>
    MyClass(TI first, TI last,
            typename std::iterator_traits<T>::iterator_category* = nullptr)
};

template<class TI>
MyClass::MyClass(TI first, TI last,
                 typename std::iterator_traits<T>::iterator_category*)
{ /* blah */ }